Video Production Glossary

Video production, video marketing and social media has its own terminology. This section will introduce you to the terms used most often in the industry that relate to both your production and your Accelerated Marketing Package™, if this is part of your requirement.

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Ad Overlays
- A transparent overlay across the bottom, of an online video. Such ads usually show up 15 seconds into the videos, and stay on screen for around 10 seconds.

Advertiser
- Any website that takes fulfils orders, taking payment for a product or service.   Examples of online advertising include ads on search engine results pages, banner ads, Rich Media ads (which may involve the use of video), Social network advertising, Online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing.

Advertisers place ads and links to their products and services on other websites and then pay them a commission for leads or sales that result from their site.

Affiliate Marketing
- An affiliate (a web site owner or pubslisher), displays an advertisement (such as a banner or link) on its site for an advertiser, or brand.

Affiliate marketing overlaps with other Internet marketing methods, including organic search engine optimization, paid search engine marketing and e-mail marketing.

If a consumer visiting the affiliate's site clicks on this advertisement and goes onto perform a specified action (usually a purchase) the advertiser (affiliate) receives a commission.

Algorithm
- The set of ‘rules’ a search engine uses to determine the relevance of a web page (and therefore ranking) in its organic search results. The job of a search engine is to index the web and provide high quality, relevant content, in order to fulfil the user’s desires. Increasingly, having video content on your website is becoming more important to where and how sites show up in t he search engines.

Analog camera
- A camera that takes non-digital video, such as a VHS recorder. The term "analog" in video refers to a recording method that stores red, green and blue waves in a fixed number of rows; analog video is generally less crisp in detail than digital video.  

Autocue
- A screen placed in front of a person from which that person can read text while looking directly into the camera.

Autoplay
- When a video player starts playing a video automatically without the user needing to click any buttons.

Average view time
- Refers to the average amount of time the video ad was played by users. For example, if a 1 min clip is viewed by one user for 20 seconds and a second user for 40 seconds, then view time is calculated as 30.00 seconds.

.avi
- Audio Video Interleave is a multimedia format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback.

B

Bandwidth
- Relates to the amount of data that can be carried per second through your internet connection.

Banner ads
- A long, horizontal, online advert usually found running across the top of a page in a fixed placement. Banner ads often incorporate animation, sound, or video to maximize presence, and improve click through rate.

BARB
- Broadcasters Audience Research Board is responsible for the measurement of TV viewing figures in the UK.

Behavioural Targeting
- A technique used by online publishers and advertisers to increase the effectiveness of their campaign, based on user’s previous behaviour. Marketers look for patterns, which may involve looking at previous decision making behaviour. Behavioural targeting uses information such as the pages users have visited or the searches they have made, to select which advertisements will be most relevant to an individual, or target group.

Blip.TV
- The website Blip. tv is a platform for web shows that offers hosting, distribution and advertising.  Blip.TV provides a free and paid platform for individuals and companies who host an online video show.

Blog
- Blog is a word that was created from two words: “web log”. Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

Boom Microphone
- A microphone designed to go on the end of a boom pole, often used when a videographer does not want a microphone in the shot, but still needs to amplify certain sounds, such as voices.

Brand Awareness
- A marketing concept that measures consumers' knowledge of a brand's existence.  Research studies can associate ad effectiveness to measure the impact of online advertising on key branding metrics.

Broadband
- An internet connection that is always on and that delivers a higher bit rate (128kbps or above) than a standard dial-up connection. It allows for a better online experience as pages load quicker, and items can be download faster.

Broadband video commercial
- A video ad as a commercial may appear before, during, and or after a variety of content including streaming video, animation, gaming, and music video content in a player environment. These commercials are generally :15 and :30 video ads that run before, between, and after a video clip is shown.

B-Roll
- Extra video taken to make a story more visually compelling, set an overall scene or add visual detail. In productions with more than one news camera, B-roll is taken by the secondary camera. In news, B-roll is edited in with A-roll to prevent visual boredom.

Buffering Video
- In computer science, a buffer is a region of memory used to temporarily hold data while it is being moved from one place to another. Buffering occurs when a streaming media player saves portions of file until there is enough information for the file to begin playing.

Bumper Ad
- Refers to a linear video ad with clickable call-to-action; format is usually shorter than full linear ads (i.e. 3-10 seconds) and call-to-action usually can load another video or can bring up a new site while pausing the content. Bumpers can vary from simple text to short films.

C

Call to Action (CTA)
- A statement or instruction, typically promoted in print, web, TV, radio, on-portal, other forms of media (often embedded in advertising), or at the end of a promotional video or commercial, that encourages the viewer or subscriber to take the next step.  Having an effective call to action is an essential part of any online video.

Example calls to action include:
‘Phone 0800... to be put in contact with your local retailer.’
‘Submit this promotional code to receive a free sample.’
‘Download our free guide at visit www.companysite.com.’

Clickable ads
- Clickable video solutions allow Internet users to click on various aspects of a video to pull up additional information and link to external sites. The result is brand-building video content that fulfils one highly coveted marketing goal: engaging consumers to incite an immediate response.

Clickable Video
- Online video that is completely interactive. Also referred to as interactive video. Viewers can move there cursor over the various objects/people/places etc. in the video and click them to obtain more information or interact in some other way such as making purchase transactions straight from the video itself.

Because users are often reluctant to pay for online content, it is perhaps unsurprising that many of the new online interactive videos (including all the examples given below) are either sponsored content or part of advertising campaigns.

Click-through
- The action of following a hyperlink within an advertisement or online video, or when the user clicks through to the advertiser’s website.

Click-through rate (CTR)
- Click Through Rate is a way of measuring the success of an online advertising campaign. If a banner ad was delivered 1000 times (impressions delivered) and 10 people clicked on it (clicks recorded), then the resulting CTR would be 1 percent.

Commission
- An amount of income received by a publisher for some quantifiable action such as selling an advertiser’s product and/or service on the publisher’s website.

Companion Ad
- Commonly text, display ads, rich media, or skins that wrap around the video experience, companion ad’s can run alongside either or both the video or ad content. Their primary purpose is to offer sustained visibility of the sponsor throughout the video content experience. Companion Ads may offer click-through interactivity and rich media experiences such as expansion of the ad for further engagement opportunities.

Completes
- Completes refer to whether the video played to completion.

Content Delivery Networks
- The delivery of video streaming to users all over the world.

Content sponsorship
- A particular section of content located on a web site or .TV channel that is sponsored often by a single advertiser. This category also includes revenue related to email advertising or prioritised listing of results in search engines that are included as part of the sponsorship deal.

Contextual advertising
- Advertising that is targeted to the content on the web page being viewed by a user at that specific time.  Contextual advertising engines scan the text of a website for keywords and returns advertisements to the webpage based on what the user is viewing, possibly being displayed as pop-up ads.

Conversion rate
- In internet marketing, conversion rate is the ratio of visitors who convert casual content views or website visits into desired actions, for example when a consumer purchasers a product whose interest was initially sparked by clicking a banner advertisement.  A successful conversion may also refer to a membership registration, newsletter subscription, software download.

Consumer Video Hosting
- Online video hosting and sharing sites that allow users to upload videos, usually free of charge, for viewing by private and public audiences.

Cookie  
- A small text file on the user’s PC that identifies the user’s browser, in order for the user to be ‘recognised’ when they re-visit a site. Cookies allow usernames to be stored and enable websites to personalise their offering.

Cost per Acquisition (CPA)
- Cost to acquire a new customer.

Cost per Action (CPA)
- Also known as Pay Per Action, CPA refers to a pricing model that only charges advertising on an action being conducted eg. a sale or a form being filled in. Direct response advertisers consider CPA the optimal way to buy online advertising, as an advertiser only pays for the ad when the desired action has occurred.

Cost per Click (CPC)
- The amount paid by an advertiser each time their sponsored search listing is clicked. See also PPC.

CRM
- Customer Relationship Management. CRM involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes—principally sales activities, but also those for marketing, customer service and technical support.

Cue Point
- A cue point is a significant moment or defined point in the playback of a video clip when an event is designated to occur. With Flash Video, cue points can be created and managed in a variety of ways, for example to trigger custom, in the form of animations, synchronized ad units, or closed captions.

D

D2C
- Direct to Consumer.

Decoding
- The decompression or 'un-packaging' of an encoded file for playback or use.

Delicious  
- A free social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks. Delicious lets users save website addresses publicly and privately online so that they can be accessed from any device connected to the Internet and shared with friends.

Digital Video Camera
- A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording images via an electronic image sensor.  Digital video cameras can capture truer colour and more details than analog cameras. Digital cameras frequently use digital video tapes, internal hard drives or memory cards. Digital video is not always high-definition.

Director (film/ video)
- The director is responsible for overseeing the creative aspects of the production, working in closely with the producer. If actors or presenters are involved in the production, they will be guided by the director, as will the technical crew.  The director also controls the productions artistic and dramatic aspects.

Directors often develop the vision for a film and deciding how the film should look. Having been given the brief from the client/ the producer, it is his or her responsibility to decide what tone the film shall have and what an audience should gain from the experience. Directing a film is a form of storytelling. Film directors are responsible for deciding camera angles, locations for filming, lighting effects, and set design etc.

The director will work closely with the editor to ensure the close ups, mid shots and wide or long shots are used appropriately and calls to action/ use of emotion is conveyed at the right points.  

Domain Name
- The unique name of an internet site eg. www.promotional-videos.co.uk  

Downloading
- The technology that allows users to store video content on their computer for viewing at a later date.

DRM
- (Digital Rights Management) - The technology used to control user access to licensed technology.

Dynamic Ad Delivery
- Based upon predetermined criteria, Dynamic Ad Delivery is the process by which a mobile advertisement is delivered, via a campaign management platform, to a publisher’s mobile content.

E

E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce)
- Involves the buying and selling of products or services over electronic platforms, such as the Internet.

Embed
- Putting a single video on your web-page is straight forward – it involves visiting the page that has the video you want and looking for the video hosts embed box. This is a little text area that contains all the HTML code you need to put a video on your site.

Encoding
- The conversion of an analogue signal into a digital format, making it easier and smaller to store and transmit.

F

File Size
- The amount of storage space a file takes up. Measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, etc.

Firewall Software
- A firewall is an application which controls network traffic to and from a computer, preventing unauthorised access, based on security criteria.  A personal firewall differs from a conventional firewall in terms of scale. Personal firewall will usually protect only the computer on which it is installed.

Flash
- Multimedia platform used to add animation, video, and interactivity to Web pages.

.flv
- Flash video file format; used to deliver video over the Internet. The format has quickly established itself as the format of choice for embedded video on the web. Flash Video is viewable on most operating systems, via the Adobe Flash Player and web browser plugin one of several third-party programs.

Full screen views
- Refers to the number of impressions where the video was played in full screen mode (where available)

G

Geotargeting  
- The process of only showing adverts to people on a website and in search engines based on their geographic location. This can involve using advanced technology that knows where a computer is located or by using the content of website to determine what a person is looking for, e.g. someone searching for a web design company in Richmond, South West London.

Green screen
- A screen placed in a video studio which images can be projected onto. Chroma key compositing (or chroma keying) is a technique for compositing two images or frames together in which a colour (or a small colour range) from one image is removed (or made transparent), revealing another image behind it.  

Meteorologists frequently present the weather in front of a green screen or blue screen, after which maps are placed over the blue portions of video footage, creating the appearance of the meteorologist standing in front of a large map. Promotional Videos also use this technology for filming our presenters, for our Promotional News Video service.

H

Hand-held Microphone
- A microphone designed to be held in the hand.

HDV
- A relatively inexpensive high-definition video recording format.

High Definition/ HDTV
- High definition (HD) television is a recording and broadcasting system that gives a picture quality four to five times sharper than the standard definition pictures you’re probably used to watching on your TV set.

The format your production is shot on will depend on the outcome you want to achieve and on which format your material will be shown. For example, with HD plasma and LCD screens becoming more popular it is easy to see the advantages of having higher quality video, particularly for display purposes. The increased resolution of the image means the video looks clearer from further away while up close you can see every detail.

For unrivalled, premier picture quality, we can also shoot your production on HDCAM. To find out which method is most appropriate for your production, contact us to discuss your requirements.

Hit
- A request from a web browser for a single item from a web server.

Hot Spot
- An ad unit that is sold within the video content experience. Mouse action over the video highlights objects that can be clicked. The click action initiates a Linear video commercial or takes the user to a website.

Hot Spotting
- The ability to add hyperlinks to objects in a video that enable viewers to tag a product or service. Hot spotting can be used as a direct response mechanic in internet video.

HTML
- Stands for HyperText Markup Language, which is the set of commands used by web browsers to interpret and display page content to users.  The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages.  The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.

HTTP Streaming
- The default protocol for streaming audio and video over the internet. It involves the simultaneous download and viewing/listening of the file through HTTP. See also Progressive download

Hyperlinked Video
- A video in which specific objects are made selectable by some form of user interface, and the user's interactions with these objects alter the presentation of the video. See also clickable video

I

1. live television, with or without interactivity related to the current TV show; 
2. time-shifted programming: catch-up TV (replays a TV show that was broadcast hours or days ago), start-over TV (replays the current TV show from its beginning); 
3. video on demand (VOD): browse a catalogue of videos, not related to TV programming.

L

Lapel Microphone
- A small microphone that clips onto a person's clothing, generally placed within a foot or so of a person's mouth to amplify voice.

Lighting Kit
- A standard lighting kit will include several lights and a few essential accessories. Adjustable stands are an absolute must, allowing you to position lights anywhere from one to seven feet off the ground. Additional lamps can be used to add light to your background or set.  Light kits vary widely in components and price. Lighting remains the biggest difference between professional and amateur-looking video.

Light Stand
- A stand, similar to a tripod, to mount lights.

Linear Video Ads
- Linear online video ads are presented in-stream; meaning that they are displayed before, between or after other video content is consumed by the viewer. Another feature of linear online video ads is that they seize full view of the video window.

M

Metacafe
- Metacafe.com is a community based video sharing web site, that specializes in short-form original entertainment, where users upload, view and share video clips.

The site features short-form videos in a variety of categories, including Animation, Comedy, Entertainment, How To, News and Events, People and Stories, Sports, Video Games and others. Original content is uploaded to the site by independent producers, small to mid-sized production companies, and major media companies.

Metadata
- Loosely defined as data about data. The term "meta" derives from the Greek word denoting a nature of a higher order or more fundamental kind. It provides information about a certain item's content. For example, an image may include metadata that describes how large the picture is, the colour depth, the image resolution, when and where it was published, and other data. A text document's metadata may contain information about how long the document is, who the author is, when the document was written, and a short summary of the document.

Metadata is particularly useful in video, where information about its contents (such as transcripts of conversations and text descriptions of its scenes) are not directly understandable by a computer, but where efficient search is desirable.

Mid-roll
- A Linear video spot that appears in the middle of an online video or film.

Mini DV Tape
- DV is a format for recording and playing back digital video, mini DV tapes are a small format digital video cassette.

Mobile Internet Advertising
- In 2007 accessing mobile internet became easier and cheaper for the consumer, this trend is obviously set to continue in the coming years and quality content is starting to pour onto mobile handsets. We’re still a way off from a mobile internet boom, but online advertisers can’t ignore the medium because it shares so many similarities with traditional internet.

A form of advertising via mobile phones or other wireless devices (excluding laptops). This type of mobile advertising includes mobile web banner ads, mobile internet sponsorship and interstitials (which appear while a requested mobile web page is loading) as well as mobile paid-for search listings. Mobile internet advertising does not include other forms of mobile marketing such as SMS, MMS and shortcode.

Mov.
- A video publishing file format developed by Apple for use with their QuickTime video players.

Monetized Video
- The opportunities to monetize online video are rapidly increasing. You need not find anymore a distribution house to make your video- or film-making passion pay back for your hard work.

- Online videos that generate revenue by themselves. This is usually accomplished by advertisements in and around the video content, but can also be accomplished by charging users to watch, download, or subscribe to the videos.

Monopod
- A monopod, also called a unipod, is used to support video cameras or digital camera, on one leg, as opposed to a three legged stand, known as a tripod.

MPEG
- Short for Moving Picture Experts Group. The term refers to the family of digital video compression standards and file formats developed by the group. MGEG is a file format used to compress and transmit video clips online.

MPEG-2
- An older standard format for digital television signals established by the Moving Pictures Expert Group.

MPEG-4
- A more recent standard format than MPEG-2, this format includes most MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 features and also contains support for external digital rights management and interaction.

Multi-title (video) Player
- An online video player that can play and display multiple videos, see playlist.

N

Natural search results
- Also referred to as the organic listings, natural search results show up on search engine results pages in a separate section (usually the main body of the page) to the paid listings. The results listed here have not been paid for and are ranked by the search engine because of their relevance to the search terms, as opposed to their being advertisements.

Non-Linear Editing
- Non-linear editing is a modern editing method which enables direct access to any frame in a digital video clip, without needing to play shuttle through the whole footage to reach it. Prior to this liner editing with was the only alternative- which involved analogue video being physically cut and pasted. Non-Linear editing is with digital video and is therefore non destructive to the original video.

Non-linear Video Ads
- A Non-linear Video ad product runs parallel to the video content so the user still has the option of viewing the content. Common Non-linear ad products include overlays which are shown directly over the content video itself, and product placements which are ads placed within the video content itself. Non-linear video ads can be delivered as text, graphical banners or buttons, or as video overlays.

NVOD
- Near Video On Demand refers to the pay per view delivery of film and television programming from a server via a cable network or the internet, using high-bandwidth distribution mechanisms such as satellite and cable television. Programming must be downloaded and the majority of existing services require the same amount of time to download as the duration of the selected programme.

O

Online HD
- Is the delivery of High Definition streamed video media. This typically conforms to 720p standards where 720 represents 720 lines of vertical resolution and p stands for progressive scan.

Online Video
- Any form of digital video that is available for use over the internet.

Online Video Advertising
- Video content distributed via the internet that is be streamed onto compatible devices such as computers and mobile phones. In its basic form, this can be TV ads run online, but adverts are increasingly adapted or created specifically to suit online.

Video advertising can be placed before (pre-roll), during (mid-roll) and after (post-roll) video content. There are also a variety of other methods of delivery including:
Embedded within rich media adverts - a video advert can be triggered by a user clicking on a banner ad.

According to market research undertaken by our market research team, online video ads wield approximately twice as much branding power as online advertising in general. It’s not hard to see why, given the compelling branding opportunities inherent in video.

Opt-in
- When an individual gives their permission to use their (personal or company) data for marketing purposes, for example telephone numbers, addresses or email.

Opt-out
- When an individual has expressed that they do not want a company to use their data for marketing purposes.

Organic search results
- The ‘natural’ search results that appear in a separate section (usually the main body of the page) to the paid listings. The results listed here have not been paid for and are ranked by the search engine (using spiders or algorithms) according to relevancy to the term searched upon. See also spider, algorithm, SEO.

Overlay
- Online advertising content that appears over the top of the webpage. See also Rich Media.

Overlay ad
- A banner ad that appears in the bottom 20% of the video window. Click action initiates a Linear video spot or takes the user to a website. Sold on a CPM and CPC basis.

P

P2 card
- A type of memory card for a video camera.

Page View
- A request to load a single page of an Internet site. A page request would result in a user clicking on a link on another HTML page pointing to the page in question. This should be contrasted with a hit, which refers to a request for a file from a web server. There may therefore be many hits per page view. Page Views are also called Page Impressions.

Paid Inclusion
- In exchange for a payment, a search engine will guarantee to list/review pages from a website. It is not guaranteed that the pages will rank well for particular queries – this still depends on the search engine's underlying relevancy process.

Pay Per View (PPV)
- Is an ecommerce model that allows media owners to grant consumers access to their programming in return for payment. Micro payments may be used for shorter programming whist feature films may attract larger sums.

Quartile reporting
- Refers to whether the video played to its 25% and 75% points.

R

Real time
- No delay in the processing of requests for information, other than the time it takes for the data to travel via the Internet.

Replays
- Refers to the number of times a user requested to see the video ad again.

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)
- Software that allows you to flag website content (often from blogs or new sites) used for the syndication of audio, video, and text content through the web. This enables content to be delivered directly to a user's PC. See also blogs.

Rich Media
- Uses a combination of different content forms to harnesses broadband connection to build brands. A typical feature of a rich media advertisement is that the users is able to interact with in a web-page format. They may appear in ad formats such as banners and buttons and various over-the-page units such as floating ads, page take-overs, and tear backs.

Rich Media exhibits a dynamic motion that may occur over time or in direct response to user interaction. Rich Media incorporates text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactive content forms. Rich media can be downloadable or may be embedded in a web page. If downloadable, it can be viewed or used offline with media players such as RealPlayer, WMV, or QuickTime files, among others.

Elements of rich media are increasingly used in education, in areas ranging from distance learning to web-based teaching and instructional tools. See also Interstitial, Superstitial and Overlay ads.

Rule of Thirds
- This rule involves envisioning the screen as having been divided into nine squares, on a video shoot. The videographer should choose one of the four points of line intersection as a focal point. According to Digital Photography School, "The theory is that if you place points of interest in the intersections or along the lines that your photo becomes more balanced and will enable a viewer of the image to interact with it more naturally."

S

Sale
- When a user makes a purchase from an online advertiser.

Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
- A form of Internet marketing that seeks to promote websites by increasing their visibility in search engine result pages (SERPs) through the use of search engine optimization, paid placement, contextual advertising, and paid inclusion.

Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)
- The process which aims to get websites listed prominently within search engine’s organic listings, via the "natural" or un-paid ("organic" or "algorithmic") search results. SEO considers how search engines work and what people search for. The higher a site appears on the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine.

SEO focuses on different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search and industry-specific, vertical search engines. This gives a web site web presence.

Server
- A host computer, or series of computers, that links other computers or electronic devices together. Severs also maintain websites, news groups and facilitate the sending and receiving of emails, often provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a large organization or to public users via the internet.

Serial Digital Interface (SDI)
- Is a dedicated digital video interface used to carry broadcast quality video content.

Shotgun Microphone
- A microphone that looks in shape somewhat similar to a gun. It only amplifies sound that the microphone directly points toward.

Single-title (video) Player
- A video player that can play and display one video.

Site (web) analytics
- The measurement, collection, reporting and analysis of website activity - in particular user behaviour on the site. Web analytics is not just a tool for measuring website traffic but can be used as a tool for business research and market research. All websites have a weblog which can be used for this purpose, but other third party software is available for a more sophisticated service.
 

There are two categories of web analytics; off-site and on-site web analytics.

1. Off-site web analytics refers to web measurement and analysis regardless of whether you own or maintain a website. It includes the measurement of a website's potential audience (opportunity), share of voice (visibility), and buzz (comments) that is happening on the Internet as a whole.
2. On-site web analytics measure a visitor's journey once on your website. This includes conversion elements (i.e. landing pages, exit pages, etc). When "web analytics" is used in a commercial context, it can be used to assess performance, in order to improve a web sites conversation rate or a target audience’s response.

Skin Ads
- Advertisements that appear in a video player skin, i.e. the graphics surrounding the video player.

Social Media
- Social media refers to a group of Internet-based applications that build on the foundations of Web 2.0, which allows the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Social media also describes the creation of useful, valuable and relevant content and applications by brands, or by consumers with specific reference to brands.  Social media encourages communication and dialogues through web based technologies.  

One of the key components in successful social media marketing campaign is to establish credibility in the mind of the consumer and to build "social authority". Social authority is developed when an individual or organization positions themselves as an "expert" in their given field or area, thereby becoming an "influencer" in that field or area.

Sourced Video
- Professional content generated by a third party and will denote the source. An example may be a demonstration of a new BMW, but hosted on newcars.TV  for example.

Spider
- Spiders are used by search engines to formulate search result pages, feeding them pages, indexed against keywords. It's called a spider because it crawls the Web. Another term for these programs is webcrawler.  Because most Web pages contain links to other pages, a spider can start almost anywhere.  As soon as it sees a link to another page, it goes off and fetches it. Large search engines, like Google, have many spiders working in parallel.

Sponsored Search
- See PPC (Pay Per Click).

Sponsorship
- Advertisers sponsor specific content areas (e.g. entire website, videos broadcast online, areas of a website or an event) often for promotional purposes.

Sponsorship Graphics
- Logos, or associated branding, that is displayed within a player surrounding skin, throughout the duration of a video. Sometimes the sponsorship graphic remains interactive and will behave like an invitation unit allowing viewers to explore deeper ad units such as the embedded interactive.

Standard Definition (SD)
- For years, this was the common video quality for broadcast television. SDTV is a television system that has a resolution that meets standards but not considered either as enhanced-definition television (EDTV) or as high-definition television (HDTV).  Most television is moving to higher-definition quality video.

Streaming media
- Internet video and/or audio clips that can play directly over the Internet- where there is no delay in waiting for the file to download to the computer before it starts playing.  The name refers to the delivery method of the medium rather than to the medium itself. Used to view and hear compressed broadcasts, which plays and downloads at the same time. Internet television is a commonly streamed medium.

Stickiness
- Measure used to gauge the effectiveness of a site in retaining its users. Often measured in the average minutes per month visitors spend at a site or network, by the amount of time spent at a site during the visit.

Superstitials
- Superstitials combine Flash or other animation technology with Java programming to deliver video-like Web commercials. It is fully pre-cached before playing. See also Rich Media, Cache.

Syndicated Video
- Web syndication is a form of syndication in which website material is made available to multiple other sites. Most commonly, web syndication refers to making web feeds available from a site in order to provide other people with a summary of the website's recently added content (for example, the latest news or forum posts). Syndicated Video includes content sourced from a professional third party, for example syndicated television shows, news footage from AP or Reuters, etc.

T

Timecode
- An exact time used to identify a specific frame in a clip or production. Measured in hours, minutes, seconds, and frames. Time codes are used extensively for synchronization, and for logging material in recorded media.

Traffic
- Number of visitors who come to a website.

Tripod
- A three-legged stand for a camera to prevent unwanted movement.

U

User generated content (UGC)
- User generated content (UGC), also known as Consumer generated media (CGM) or user-created content (UCC), refers to publically available online content created by end-users, rather than media owners or publishers.

User generated content applies to a wide range of applications, including, news, reviews, blogging, podcasting, gossip, research, or posting comments, pictures or video clips. This reflects the expansion of media production through new technologies that are accessible and affordable to the general public. .
Sometimes UGC can constitute only a portion of a website. For example on Amazon the majority of content is prepared by administrators, but numerous user reviews of the products being sold are submitted by visitors to the site. Other sites that encourage user generated content include MySpace, YouTube, Wikipedia and Flickr.

V

V Learning (video)
- V Learning has been developed to enhance the way people learn, utilizing the power of the web, and instant streaming capability. V Learning addresses the drawbacks with offsite learning. V learning can be applied by schools, colleges, universities or adult education/ training centres. V Learning can also be used by companies in the voluntary, private or statutory sectors, looking to recruit, induct, train and assess the effectiveness of their staff. Click here to learn more about Promotional Videos V learning package.

Viddler
- Viddler.com is a video sharing platform for uploading, sharing, enhancing, tagging, commenting on, and forming groups around videos. Viddler provides a free service for non-commercial users and a paid service for businesses. Viddler is an interactive online video sharing platform; videos uploaded under the free service have advertising automatically overlaid.

Video Ad
- An ad in which the advertising message is delivered through video. Video ad experience

Video Assets
- The video content of a company, corporation or individual that can be utilized to create or maintain some sort of financial benefit.

Video Bookmarking Services
- These services allow users to manage bookmarks to multiple videos across the internet.

Video Clips
- Short clips of video, usually part of a longer piece. The term is also more loosely used to mean any short video less than the length of a traditional television program.

Video Compression
- The process through which a video file is reduced in size for storing and streaming on the Web.

Video Ecommerce
- Video Commerce, also known as Video e-Commerce or eCommerce Video is the practice of using video content to promote, sell and support commercial products or services on the Internet. This can occur through the use of links in/on the video or the video player that take the user to a transaction website or that start the transaction process directly from the player.

The video can be downloaded and played or streamed to the viewer. The end goal is to convert the viewer into a customer but conversion is not the only metric as View Through Rate (VTR) is a common measurement. Some merchants realize additional benefit such as Search Engine Optimization, or Video SEO.

A typical video commerce application would involve a video which contains a number of clickable objects so that the viewer can click on any of those objects for further information or to purchase them. However, the clickable object may not always be within the video itself, but part of the Flash Player used to play back the video.

Video Format
- The file type of a video. Different video formats are used by different programs and/or operating systems. A few of the most popular formats for digital video are .avi (Microsoft), .mov (Quicktime), .wmv (Windows), and .flv (Flash)

Video Montage
- A video created from photos through the use of transitions, and voiceovers. This is similar to a photo slideshow but is different in that a video montage is more sophisticated.

Video On Demand (VOD)
- Allows users to watch what they want, when they want. This can be either ‘pay per view’ or a free service usually funded by advertising. IPTV technology is often used to bring video on demand to televisions and personal computers. Internet television, using the Internet, is an increasingly popular form of video on demand.

Video Publishing and Management Platform
- A complex software system used to create, edit, host, play, manage, organize, publish, stream and distribute online video according to consistent rules. Video publishing and management platforms are frequently used for storing, controlling, versioning, publishing and distributing video assets of all types.

Such a system also allows users to add advertising overlays, various types of Web content and track statistics of video usage

 
Video Search Engines
- A video search engine crawls the web for video content. VSE’S seek to index video content from multiple sources and allow users to search across all content.  Some video search engines seek externally hosted content while others allow content to be uploaded and hosted on their own servers. Some engines also allow users to search by video format type and by length of the clip. Search results are usually accompanied by a thumbnail view of the video.

Video SEO 

The pace of video publication is accelerating faster than ever. Though YouTube remains the dominant player in the industry, Vimeo, Blip.tv, Viddler, Metacafe, and a host of other sites (most of them free) have changed the industry. There’s no need to build or host your own video player, and you can leave the heavy bandwidth duties to them rather than your own server.

Promotional Videos also offer a range of options for how your videos can be hosted online. Speak to us today about what will be most appropriate for you given your marketing objects/ needs of your audience.

Video Takeover
- When video content replaces other mediums for conveying information. For example when a video interview replaces a written interview. This is a rapidly growing online trend.

Vimeo
- Vimeo.com is another video sharing service in which users can upload videos to be hosted online and shared and watched by others. Vimeo does not allow commercial content, gaming videos or anything not created by the user to be hosted on the site, with users often coming from an artistic background.

Viral Marketing
- Viral marketing and viral advertising, often sponsored by a brand, which is looking to build awareness of a product or service, refer to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other objectives (such as increasing sales) through self-replicating viral processes.

Viral promotions may take the form of video clips, interactive Flash games, ebooks, brandable software, images, or even text messages.
The goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to identify individuals with high Social Networking Potential (SNP) and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high probability of being taken by another competitor.

Viral Videos
- A viral video is one that becomes popular through the process of internet sharing, typically through video sharing websites, blogs, forums and email.
Well-optimized videos have a greater chance of securing page one rankings in Google and leading search engines than traditional web content, and our Accelerated Marketing Package can bring you one step closer to that goal.

Humor is often a characteristic of viral videos, but not a defining one. A viral video is any video that's passed electronically, from person to person, regardless of its content.

Visits
- A series of requests to a Web site from the same uniquely identified visitors with a set timeout. A visit is expected to contain multiple hits and page views. Statistics’ show that if your website contains video, visitors are more likely to refer the site, visit you more often, and make purchases, than sites that do not contain video.

Vlog - (Video Blog)
- Video blogging, sometimes shortened to vlogging is a form of blogging for which the medium is video. Entries often combine embedded video or a video link with supporting text, images.

Users can post video entries which are presented in reverse chronological order. Alternatively a video blog can be a blog containing professionally produced content, often around the same theme on a daily or weekly basis.

W 

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
- More commonly referred to as "Mobile Internet" provides mobile data services on hand-held devices. Content such as news, weather, travel, etc can also be delivered, as well as video, ringtones, games, and access to the social networks.

Web 2.0
- The term Web 2.0 describes the next generation of online use.  A Web 2.0 site gives its users the free choice to interact or collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to websites where users are limited to the passive viewing of content that was created for them.

Web 2.0 identifies the consumer as a major contributor in the evolution of the internet into a two-way medium. Examples of Web 2.0 include social-networking sites, blogs, wikis, video-sharing sites, hosted services, and web applications. See also user generated content.

Web TV
- Web television, also referred to as Web TV, not to be confused with Internet television, is an growing genre of digital entertainment that is distinct from traditional broadcast television. Delivered originally online via broadband and mobile networks, Web television shows, or Web series, are short-form in nature (2–10 minutes per episode), and produced in seasons.

Web Video
- The UK online video market continues to soar and is attracting a greater and greater share of Internet users’ attention.
YouTube.com is by far the most popular of the video sharing platforms, with popularity in other sites continuing to grow, such as Google Video. Over 140 million videos were viewed on BBC websites in 2010.

Facebook ranked as the fastest growing website for viewing and sharing video in 2010, surging 205% in the past year to 43 million videos viewed.
Increasingly, charities, SME’s and large corporate organisations are adding video clip content to their websites. With the spread of broadband Internet access, video clips have become very popular online.

Webcast
- A media file distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a live broadcast to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. Essentially, webcasting is “broadcasting” over the Internet.

You Tube
- The world’s most popular video-sharing website on which users can upload, share, and view videos. Three former PayPal employees created YouTube in February 2005. In November 2006, YouTube was bought out by Google for $1.65 billion. YouTube is also the largest video sharing site in the world.